{"id":54705,"date":"2024-09-06T21:20:37","date_gmt":"2024-09-06T21:20:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/?p=54705"},"modified":"2024-09-06T21:20:37","modified_gmt":"2024-09-06T21:20:37","slug":"how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Mount and Unmount Storage Devices from the Linux Terminal"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_68_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 eztoc-toggle-hide-by-default' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#The_Linux_File_System\" title=\"The Linux File System\">The Linux File System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Interrogate_Your_File_System_With_mount\" title=\"Interrogate Your File System With mount\">Interrogate Your File System With mount<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Interrogate_Your_File_System_With_df\" title=\"Interrogate Your File System With df\">Interrogate Your File System With df<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Remounting_All_File_Systems_in_fstab\" title=\"Remounting All File Systems in fstab\">Remounting All File Systems in fstab<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Mounting_an_ISO_Image\" title=\"Mounting an ISO Image\">Mounting an ISO Image<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Exploring_the_ISO_Image\" title=\"Exploring the ISO Image\">Exploring the ISO Image<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Unmounting_the_ISO_Image\" title=\"Unmounting the ISO Image\">Unmounting the ISO Image<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Creating_a_Mount_Point\" title=\"Creating a Mount Point\">Creating a Mount Point<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Binding_a_Mount_Point\" title=\"Binding a Mount Point\">Binding a Mount Point<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Using_umount_With_Binds\" title=\"Using umount With Binds\">Using umount With Binds<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Mounting_a_Floppy_Disk\" title=\"Mounting a Floppy Disk\">Mounting a Floppy Disk<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#File_System_Labels\" title=\"File System Labels\">File System Labels<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#The_umount_Lazy_Option\" title=\"The umount Lazy Option\">The umount Lazy Option<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Mounting_a_Samba_Share\" title=\"Mounting a Samba Share\">Mounting a Samba Share<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Creating_and_Mounting_a_File_System\" title=\"Creating and Mounting a File System\">Creating and Mounting a File System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Remounting_a_File_System\" title=\"Remounting a File System\">Remounting a File System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Not_Moving_a_File_System\" title=\"(Not) Moving a File System\">(Not) Moving a File System<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/#Final_Observations\" title=\"Final Observations\">Final Observations<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<div>\n<p> File systems in Linux and Unix-like operating systems like macOS can be mounted, unmounted, and remounted using the terminal. This is a powerful and versatile tool&#8212;here&#8217;s everything you need to know. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":0,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":0,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":0,\"ruleCount\":200,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":207} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":1,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":1,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":0,\"ruleCount\":200,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":200,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><br \/>\n<!-- No winning ad found for zone: below first paragraph! --><br \/>\n<!-- No winning ad found for zone: native in content! --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-linux-file-system\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Linux_File_System\"><\/span> The Linux File System <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> The file systems in Linux, macOS, and other Unix-like operating systems don&#8217;t use separate volume identifiers for storage devices in the way that, say, Windows does. Windows assigns each volume a drive letter such as C: or D: and the file system for each volume is a tree of directories sitting below that drive letter. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":1,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":1,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":1,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":325} --><\/p>\n<p> In Linux, the file system is an all-in-one directory tree. A mounted storage device has its file system grafted onto that tree so that it appears to be an integral part of one cohesive file system. The newly mounted file system will be accessible via the directory to which it is mounted. That directory is called the mount point for that file system. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":1,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":1,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":1,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":678} --><\/p>\n<p> Many file systems are auto-mounted at boot time or on-the-fly as storage volumes connected to the computer during runtime. Cautious system admins can turn off the runtime auto-mount features so that they can control connections to the system. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":1,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":1,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":1,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":922} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":2,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":2,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":1,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p> This means storage devices connected during runtime might not auto-mount and will require mounting manually. Mounting a file system manually lets you make decisions about that file system, such as where the mount point will be and whether the file system is going to be read-only or read-write. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":2,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":2,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":2,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":296} --><\/p>\n<p> Whether it is out of necessity or through choice, the <code>mount<\/code>, <code>umount<\/code> and <code>remount<\/code> commands give you the ability to take control of this important aspect of your Linux system. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":2,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":2,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":2,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":470} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":2,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":2,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":2,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":470} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"interrogate-your-file-system-with-mount\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interrogate_Your_File_System_With_mount\"><\/span> Interrogate Your File System With mount <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> Mount has a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man8\/mount.8.html\">great many options<\/a>, but to list all of the mounted file systems on your computer requires no options at all. Simply type <code>mount<\/code> and hit Enter: <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":2,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":2,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":2,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":625} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":2,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":2,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":2,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":865} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":865,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":35,\"nextBlockCount\":75,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":940} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":2,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":2,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":2,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":2,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<p> <code>mount<\/code> will list all of the connected file systems in the terminal window. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":40} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"382\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"output from mount in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":280} --><\/p>\n<p> It can be difficult to pick through that dump of data to find what you are looking for. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":369} --><\/p>\n<p> You can refine the output by asking <code>mount<\/code> to list only the file systems of interest to you. The <code>-t<\/code> (type) option tells <code>mount<\/code> what type of file system to report on. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":534} --><\/p>\n<pre>mount -t tmpfs<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":550} --><\/p>\n<pre>mount -t ext4<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":565} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":805} --><\/p>\n<p> As an example, we have asked <code>mount<\/code> to list only <code>tmpfs<\/code> file systems. We get a much more manageable output. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":3,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":3,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":912} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":4,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":4,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":3,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p> A <code>tmpfs<\/code> file system appears as though it were a regular, mounted file system but it is actually stored in volatile memory&#8212;the tmp stands for temporary&#8212;instead of on a persistent storage device. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":4,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":4,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":4,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":199} --><\/p>\n<p> You&#8217;ll want to substitute the <code>tmpfs<\/code> parameter for the file type in which you are interested. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":4,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":4,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":4,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":297} --><\/p>\n<p> We&#8217;ve also issued a command to list <code>ext4<\/code> file systems. On this test computer, there is a single <code>ext4<\/code> file system, it is on device <code>sda<\/code>&#8212;the first storage device mounted, usually the main hard drive&#8212;and mounted on <code>\/<\/code>, which is the root of the file system tree. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":4,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":4,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":4,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":563} --><\/p>\n<p> The other indicators mean: <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":4,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":4,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":4,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":591} --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> rw: The file system is readable and writable. <\/li>\n<li> relatime: The kernel is using an optimized scheme to record file access and modification meta-data. <\/li>\n<li> errors=remount -o: If a sufficiently serious error is detected, the file system will be remounted in read-only mode to allow diagnosis. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":4,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":4,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":4,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":877} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":4,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":4,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":4,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":877} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":877,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":23,\"nextBlockCount\":109,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":986} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":4,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":4,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":4,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":4,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"interrogate-your-file-system-with-df\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interrogate_Your_File_System_With_df\"><\/span> Interrogate Your File System With df <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> The <code>df<\/code> command can also be used to <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man1\/df.1.html\">display which file systems are mounted<\/a> and where their mount points are. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":86} --><\/p>\n<p> <code>df<\/code> used with no parameters gives you the same information overload problem as <code>mount<\/code>. As an example, in Ubuntu Linux, there is a <code>squashfs<\/code> pseudo-file system created for each and every application that has been installed using the <code>snap<\/code> command. Who wants to see all of those? <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":361} --><\/p>\n<p> To force <code>df<\/code> to ignore them&#8212;or any other file system type&#8212; use the <code>-x<\/code> (exclude) option: <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":453} --><\/p>\n<pre>df -x squashfs<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":469} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"262\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"df command with -x exclude option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657632_583_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657632_583_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C262&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":709} --><\/p>\n<p> You can easily see the names of the file systems, their capacities, used and free space, and their mount points. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":823} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":823} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"remounting-all-file-systems-in-fstab\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Remounting_All_File_Systems_in_fstab\"><\/span> Remounting All File Systems in fstab <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> All of the file systems mounted at boot time have entries in a file called <code>fstab<\/code>, which is the file system table located within <code>\/etc<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":5,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":5,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":958} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":5,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p> You can use <code>mount<\/code> to force a &#8220;refresh&#8221; and remount all the file systems listed in <code>fstab<\/code>. Under normal operating conditions this is not required. It really comes into its own if you have issues with multiple file systems. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":232} --><\/p>\n<p> You&#8217;ll need to use <code>sudo<\/code>, so you&#8217;ll be prompted for your password. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":307} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -a<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":322} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"97\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount -a command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657632_339_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657632_339_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C97&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":562} --><\/p>\n<p> Admittedly, on a correctly operating computer, it is a little underwhelming. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":640} --><\/p>\n<p> On a computer with file system issues, however, the remount might clear the problems. If that doesn&#8217;t happen, then at least you will get diagnostic messages on the screen and in the system logs that will guide you to seek out the cause of the problem. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":897} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":897} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":897,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":3,\"nextBlockCount\":98,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":995} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":6,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":6,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":7,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":7,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":6,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mounting-an-iso-image\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mounting_an_ISO_Image\"><\/span> Mounting an ISO Image <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> It is easy to mount an ISO image so that you can access its contents as part of the file system. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":7,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":7,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":7,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":95} --><\/p>\n<p> This will work with any ISO image. In this example, we happen to be using a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/tinycorelinux.net\/\">Tiny Core Linux<\/a> ISO because it is conveniently small and quick to download. (A tiny Linux distribution with a GUI, in 18 MB! You probably have .mp3 files bigger than that.) <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":7,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":7,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":7,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":345} --><\/p>\n<p> In the same directory as the ISO image, issue this command. Substitute the name of the ISO file that you are mounting. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":7,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":7,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":7,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":465} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -t iso9660 -o loop TinyCore-current.iso \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":7,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":7,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":7,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":522} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"132\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mounting an ISO image in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657632_149_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657632_149_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C132&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":7,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":7,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":7,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":762} --><\/p>\n<p> Because we need to use <code>sudo<\/code> you&#8217;ll need to enter your password. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":7,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":7,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":7,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":831} --><\/p>\n<p> The <code>-t<\/code> (type) option tells <code>mount<\/code> what type of file system we are mounting. It is an ISO file, so we provide the <code>iso9660<\/code> type specifier. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":7,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":7,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":7,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":968} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":8,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":8,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":7,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p> The <code>-o<\/code> (options) flag is used to pass extra parameters to <code>mount<\/code>. Our parameter is <code>loop<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":8,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":8,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":8,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":89} --><\/p>\n<p> We&#8217;re using <code>loop<\/code> to force <code>mount<\/code> to use a loop device file to connect to our ISO image. A loop device file allows a file (like the ISO image) to be mounted and treated as though it were a storage device. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":8,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":8,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":8,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":297} --><\/p>\n<p> Device files are special files used as an interface so that connected devices appear as though they were a normal file system file. This is part of the everything in Linux is a file design philosophy. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":8,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":8,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":8,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":499} --><\/p>\n<p> There are many different types of device files. We saw one earlier when we noted that the only <code>ext4<\/code> file system on this test machine was mounted on <code>\/<\/code> and was called <code>sda<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":8,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":8,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":8,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":670} --><\/p>\n<p> To be more accurate, that <code>ext4<\/code> file system is on a storage device connected to the file system through the <code>\/dev\/sda<\/code> device file and the file system on that storage device mounted at <code>\/<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":8,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":8,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":8,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":856} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":856,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":44,\"nextBlockCount\":159,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1015} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":8,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":8,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":8,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":8,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<p> We have to provide the name of the ISO image of course, and we need to let <code>mount<\/code> know where we&#8217;d like the file system to be mounted. We have chosen <code>\/mnt<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":115} --><\/p>\n<p> The ISO image is mounted. A reminder that ISO images are always mounted in read-only mode appears in the terminal window. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":238} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":238} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"exploring-the-iso-image\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Exploring_the_ISO_Image\"><\/span> Exploring the ISO Image <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> Now that it is mounted we can navigate the directories in the ISO image in the same way as any other part of the file system. Let&#8217;s list the files in the ISO image. It is mounted at <code>\/mnt<\/code> remember. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":440} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":449} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls \/mnt\/cde\/<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":463} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"132\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"listing the files on a mounted ISO image in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657633_975_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657633_975_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C132&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":703} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":703} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"unmounting-the-iso-image\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Unmounting_the_ISO_Image\"><\/span> Unmounting the ISO Image <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> To unmount a mounted file system, use the <code>umount<\/code> command. Note that there is no &#8220;n&#8221; between the &#8220;u&#8221; and the &#8220;m&#8221;&#8212;the command is <code>umount<\/code> and not &#8220;unmount.&#8221; <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":899} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":899,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":1,\"nextBlockCount\":114,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1013} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":9,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":9,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":9,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<p> You must tell <code>umount<\/code> which file system you are unmounting. Do so by providing the file system&#8217;s mount point. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":113} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo umount \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":131} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"77\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"umount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657633_914_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657633_914_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C77&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":371} --><\/p>\n<p> No news is good news. If there&#8217;s nothing to report, then all went well. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":448} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":448} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"creating-a-mount-point\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Creating_a_Mount_Point\"><\/span> Creating a Mount Point <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> You can create and use your own mount points. We&#8217;re going to create one called <code>isomnt<\/code> and mount our ISO image on that. A mount point is just a directory. So we can use <code>mkdir<\/code> to create our new mount point. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":658} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mkdir \/media\/dave\/isomnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":689} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":10,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":10,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":929} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":11,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":11,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":10,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p> Now we can use the same command format as before to mount our ISO image. This time we won&#8217;t mount it on <code>\/mnt<\/code>, we&#8217;ll mount it on <code>\/media\/dave\/isomnt\/<\/code>: <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":11,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":11,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":11,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":158} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -r -t iso9660 -o loop TinyCore-current.iso \/media\/dave\/isomnt\/<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":11,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":11,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":11,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":233} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":11,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":11,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":11,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":473} --><\/p>\n<p> We can now access the mounted file system from our new mount point. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":11,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":11,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":11,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":542} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls \/media\/dave\/isomnt\/cde\/optional<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":11,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":11,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":11,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":578} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":11,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":11,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":11,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":818} --><\/p>\n<p> But those pathways are getting very long. That&#8217;s quickly going to become tiresome. Let&#8217;s do something about that. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":11,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":11,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":11,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":941} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":11,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"binding-a-mount-point\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Binding_a_Mount_Point\"><\/span> Binding a Mount Point <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> You can bind a mount point to another directory. The mounted file system can then be accessed either through the original mount point or through the directory that is bound to it. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":181} --><\/p>\n<p> Here&#8217;s a worked example. We&#8217;ll create a directory in our home directory called <code>iso<\/code>. Then we&#8217;ll bind the mount point of the ISO image <code>\/media\/dave\/isomnt<\/code> to the new <code>iso<\/code> directory in our home directory. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":394} --><\/p>\n<p> We&#8217;ll be able to access the ISO image through the original mount point <code>\/media\/dave\/isomnt<\/code> and through the new <code>iso<\/code> directory. The <code>-B<\/code> (bind) option requires the name of the mount point and the name of the directory to bind it to. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":627} --><\/p>\n<pre>mkdir iso<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":638} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -B \/media\/dave\/isomnt\/ iso<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":677} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls iso<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":685} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls \/media\/dave\/isomnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":708} --><\/p>\n<pre>cd iso<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":716} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":720} --><\/p>\n<pre>cd cde<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":728} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":12,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":12,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":968} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":12,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"using-umount-with-binds\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Using_umount_With_Binds\"><\/span> Using umount With Binds <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> A file system that has had its mount point bound to another directory requires unmounting from its mount point and the bind point. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":132} --><\/p>\n<p> Even if we unmount the file system from its original mount point, you can still access the file system from its bound directory. The file system must be unmounted from that directory also. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":322} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo umount \/media\/dave\/isomnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":354} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls iso<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":362} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo umount iso<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":379} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls iso<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":387} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":627} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":627} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mounting-a-floppy-disk\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mounting_a_Floppy_Disk\"><\/span> Mounting a Floppy Disk <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> A floppy drive (with a floppy disk in it) is a storage device. That means an sd (for storage device) device file will be used to connect to the physical device. We must establish which is the next free sd device file. We can do this by piping the output of <code>df<\/code> through <code>grep<\/code> and looking for entries with &#8220;sd&#8221; in them. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":13,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":13,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":954} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":14,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":14,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":13,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<pre>df | grep \/dev\/sd<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":14,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":14,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":14,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":19} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":14,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":14,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":14,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":259} --><\/p>\n<p> On this computer, there is a single sd device file in use. This is <code>\/dev\/sda<\/code>. The next sd device file issued will be <code>\/dev\/sdb<\/code>. That means when we connect the floppy drive to the computer, Linux will use <code>\/dev\/sdb<\/code> to connect to the floppy drive. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":14,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":14,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":14,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":503} --><\/p>\n<p> We will tell <code>mount<\/code> to mount the file system on the floppy disk in the floppy drive that is connected to <code>\/dev\/sdb<\/code> to the <code>\/mnt<\/code> mount point. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":14,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":14,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":14,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":642} --><\/p>\n<p> Insert the floppy disk into the floppy drive and connect the floppy drive to a USB port on the computer. Issue the following command: <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":14,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":14,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":14,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":777} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount \/dev\/sdb \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":14,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":14,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":14,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":803} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":803,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":97,\"nextBlockCount\":240,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1043} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":14,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":14,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":14,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":14,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":143} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":143} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"file-system-labels\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"File_System_Labels\"><\/span> File System Labels <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> We can use the <code>-l<\/code> (label) option with <code>mount<\/code> to find out what, if any, label is attached to a file system. Labels are no more than arbitrary names. They have no functional purpose. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":324} --><\/p>\n<p> We&#8217;re using the <code>-t<\/code> (type) option to ask <code>mount<\/code> to report on <code>vfat<\/code> file systems only. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":412} --><\/p>\n<pre>mount -l -t vfat<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":430} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"57\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount command in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C57&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":670} --><\/p>\n<p> You&#8217;ll find the label in square brackets at the end of the listing. The label for this floppy drive is NORTUN. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":786} --><\/p>\n<p> We can access the floppy drive through the <code>\/mnt<\/code> mount point. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":848} --><\/p>\n<pre>cd \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":857} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":861} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls -l AMATCH.C<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":877} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":877,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":23,\"nextBlockCount\":240,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1117} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":15,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":15,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":16,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":16,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":15,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"382\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"output from mount in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":16,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":16,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":16,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":217} --><\/p>\n<p> The floppy contains <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/C_(programming_language)\">C language<\/a> source code files. The date stamp of one file shows it was last modified on October 1992. It is probably older than a lot of our readers. (Needless to say the meaning of NORTUN as a label is lost in the mists of time.) <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":16,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":16,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":16,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":468} --><\/p>\n<p> If we repeat our <code>df<\/code> piped through <code>grep<\/code> command to list sd device files, we&#8217;ll see that there are now two of them. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":16,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":16,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":16,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":587} --><\/p>\n<pre>df | grep \/dev\/sd<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":16,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":16,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":16,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":606} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"382\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"output from mount in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":16,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":16,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":16,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":846} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":846,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":54,\"nextBlockCount\":137,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":983} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":16,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":16,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":16,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":16,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<p> Our floppy drive is showing as mounted on <code>\/dev\/sdb<\/code> as we expected. The file system on the floppy disk in the drive is mounted at <code>\/mnt<\/code> . <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":83} --><\/p>\n<p> To unmount the floppy we use <code>umount<\/code> and pass it the device file as a parameter. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":164} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo umount \/dev\/sdb<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":186} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"382\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"output from mount in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":426} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":426} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"the-umount-lazy-option\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_umount_Lazy_Option\"><\/span> The umount Lazy Option <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> What happens if you (or another user) are using the file system when you try to unmount it? The unmount will fail. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":542} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo umount \/dev\/sdb<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":564} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"382\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"output from mount in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":804} --><\/p>\n<p> It failed because the current working directory of the user is within the file system he is trying to unmount. Linux is smart enough not to let you saw off the branch you&#8217;re sitting on. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":17,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":17,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":995} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":17,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p> To overcome this use the <code>-l<\/code> (lazy) option. This causes <code>umount<\/code> to wait until the file system is able to be safely unmounted. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":125} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo umount -l \/dev\/sdb<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":150} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":154} --><\/p>\n<pre>cd ~<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":160} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":169} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"382\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"output from mount in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_645_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":409} --><\/p>\n<p> Even though the <code>umount<\/code> command is issued, the file system is still mounted, and the user can list the files as normal. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":529} --><\/p>\n<p> As soon as the user changes directory to their home directory, the floppy file system is released and is unmounted. Trying to list the files in <code>\/mnt<\/code> produces no results. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":700} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":700} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"mounting-a-samba-share\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Mounting_a_Samba_Share\"><\/span> Mounting a Samba Share <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> Samba is a <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samba_(software)\">set of software services<\/a> that allow network shares to be accessed interchangeably between Linux and Unix-like operating systems, and Windows operating systems. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":872} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":872,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":28,\"nextBlockCount\":183,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1055} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":18,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":18,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":18,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<p> Setting up Samba is beyond the scope of this article. But, if you have authorized access to a Samba share that has been made available to you, this is how you can mount it in Linux. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":155} --><\/p>\n<p> A <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.raspberrypi.org\/\">Raspberry Pi<\/a> connected to the same network as the test machine has a Samba share on it. It is a directory called Backup that has given the Samba name of &#8220;share.&#8221; Let&#8217;s make an <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man1\/ssh.1.html\">SSH<\/a> connection to it and look at the contents of the shared directory. The shared directory is on a USB stick mounted on the Pi. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":477} --><\/p>\n<p> The username is <code>pi<\/code> and the network name of the Raspberry Pi is <code>marineville.local<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":560} --><\/p>\n<pre>ssh pi@marineville.local<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":586} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls \/media\/pi\/USB64\/Backup<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":613} --><\/p>\n<pre>exit<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":619} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"382\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"ssh to a raspberry pi in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657633_775_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657633_775_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C382&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":859} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":859,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":41,\"nextBlockCount\":82,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":941} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":19,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":19,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":19,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<p> The user issues the <code>SSH<\/code> command and is prompted for their Raspberry Pi password. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":41} --><\/p>\n<p> They provide their password and are authenticated. The terminal window prompt changes to <code>pi@marineville<\/code> because it&#8217;s connected to the Raspberry Pi. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":194} --><\/p>\n<p> They list the contents of the shared directory at <code>\/media\/pi\/USB64\/Backup<\/code> . The contents are two directories, one called <code>dave<\/code> and one called <code>pat<\/code>. So now we know what to expect when we mount the Samba share. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":401} --><\/p>\n<p> They type <code>exit<\/code> to disconnect from the Raspberry Pi and the prompt changes back to <code>dave@howtogeek<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":500} --><\/p>\n<p> To use Samba, you must install the <code>cifs-utils<\/code> package. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":556} --><\/p>\n<p> Use <code>apt-get<\/code> to install this package onto your system if you&#8217;re using Ubuntu or another Debian-based distribution. On other Linux distributions, use your Linux distribution&#8217;s package management tool instead. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":772} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo apt-get install cifs-utils<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":805} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":805,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":95,\"nextBlockCount\":240,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1045} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":20,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":20,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":21,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":21,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":20,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":21,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":21,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":21,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":145} --><\/p>\n<p> When the installation has completed, mount the share with a command like the following, changing the IP address, share name and mount point (which must already exist) to suit your circumstances. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":21,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":21,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":21,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":341} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -t cifs -o credentials=\/etc\/samba\/creds,uid=1000,gid=1000 \/\/192.168.4.13\/share \/media\/dave\/NAS<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":21,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":21,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":21,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":448} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":21,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":21,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":21,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":688} --><\/p>\n<p> Let&#8217;s break down the parts of that command. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":21,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":21,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":21,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":737} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":737,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":163,\"nextBlockCount\":661,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1398} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":21,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":21,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":21,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":22,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":22,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":21,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> -t cifs: The file system type is cifs. <\/li>\n<li> -o credentials=\/etc\/samba\/creds,uid=1000,gid=1000: The options parameters are the path to a file called <code>creds<\/code> that is secured and contains the user name and password for the Raspberry Pi user; the User ID (UID) and Group ID (GID) that are used to set the owner and group of the root of the file system. <\/li>\n<li> \/\/192.168.4.13\/share: The network location of the device with the Samba share on it, and the Samba name of the shared directory. The root of the share is a directory called <code>Backup<\/code>, but its Samba share name is set to <code>share<\/code>. <\/li>\n<li> \/media\/dave\/NAS: The name of the mount point. You must create your mount point in advance. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":22,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":22,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":22,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":498} --><\/p>\n<p> By accessing our mount point at <code>\/media\/dave\/NAS<\/code> we are accessing the shared directory on the Raspberry Pi across the network. We can see the two folders on the Raspberry Pi called <code>dave<\/code> and <code>pat<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":22,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":22,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":22,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":693} --><\/p>\n<pre>cd \/media\/dave\/NAS<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":22,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":22,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":22,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":713} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":22,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":22,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":22,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":953} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":22,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"creating-and-mounting-a-file-system\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Creating_and_Mounting_a_File_System\"><\/span> Creating and Mounting a File System <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> You can use the <code>dd<\/code> command to create an image file, then use <code>mkfs<\/code> to create a file system inside it. That file system can then be mounted. This is a good way to practice and experiment with <code>mount<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":198} --><\/p>\n<p> We use the <code>if<\/code> (input file) option to tell <code>dd<\/code> to use the stream of zero values from <code>\/dev\/zero<\/code> as the input file. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":311} --><\/p>\n<p> The <code>of<\/code> (output file) is a new file called <code>geek_fs<\/code>. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":363} --><\/p>\n<p> We&#8217;re using the <code>bs<\/code> (block size) option to request a block size of 1 MB. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":440} --><\/p>\n<p> We use the <code>count<\/code> option to tell <code>dd<\/code> to include 20 blocks in the output file. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":517} --><\/p>\n<pre>dd if=\/dev\/zero of.\/geek_fs bs=1M count=20<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":561} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":801} --><\/p>\n<p> That creates our image file for us. It contains nothing but zero values. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":875} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":875,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":25,\"nextBlockCount\":183,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1058} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":23,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":23,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":23,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<p> We can create a working file system inside the <code>geek_fs<\/code> file using the <code>mkfs<\/code> command. The <code>-t<\/code> (type) option allows us to select the file system type. We&#8217;re creating an <code>ext4<\/code> system. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":158} --><\/p>\n<pre>mkfs -t ext4 .\/geek_fs<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":182} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":422} --><\/p>\n<p> That&#8217;s all it takes to have a working file system. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":478} --><\/p>\n<p> Let&#8217;s mount it on <code>\/media\/dave\/geek<\/code> and then use <code>chown<\/code> to set the owner and group ownerships to allow access to it. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":598} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount .\/geek_fs \/media\/dave\/geek<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":637} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo chown dave:users \/media\/dave\/geek<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":677} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":24,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":24,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":917} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":24,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p> Does it work? Let&#8217;s change into the new file system and copy in a file to see. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":84} --><\/p>\n<pre>cd \/media\/dave\/geek<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":105} --><\/p>\n<pre>cp \/etc\/fstab .<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":122} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls -l<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":129} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":369} --><\/p>\n<p> We were able to change directory into the new file system, and we successfully made a copy of the <code>\/etc\/fstab<\/code> file. It&#8217;s working! <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":503} --><\/p>\n<p> If we use <code>mount<\/code> to list the mounted file systems but restrict its output to <code>ext4 <\/code> file systems using the <code>-t<\/code> (type) option, we&#8217;ll see that there are now two mounted <code>ext4<\/code> file systems. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":691} --><\/p>\n<pre>mount -t ext4<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":706} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":25,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":25,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":946} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":25,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"remounting-a-file-system\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Remounting_a_File_System\"><\/span> Remounting a File System <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> Remounting a file system uses the <code>-o remount<\/code> option. It is typically done to change a file system from a read-only (testing) state to a read-write (production) state. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":168} --><\/p>\n<p> Let&#8217;s mount our floppy drive again. This time we&#8217;ll use the <code>-r<\/code> (read-only) flag. Then we&#8217;ll pipe <code>mount<\/code> through <code>grep<\/code> and look at the details of the floppy file system. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":348} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -r \/dev\/sdb \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":377} --><\/p>\n<pre>mount | grep \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":396} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":636} --><\/p>\n<p> As you can see the highlighted <code>ro<\/code> indicates the file system is mounted read-only. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":719} --><\/p>\n<p> Using the <code>-o remount<\/code> option with the <code>rw<\/code> (read-write) flag we can unmount and remount the file system with the new settings, all in one command. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":864} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -o remount,rw \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":895} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":895,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":true,\"countRemainingForInjection\":5,\"nextBlockCount\":147,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":true,\"nextCount\":1042} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":26,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":26,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":900} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":26,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":true,\"actualCount\":0} --><\/p>\n<p> Repeating the piping of <code>mount<\/code> through <code>grep<\/code> shows us that the <code>ro<\/code> has been replaced by <code>rw<\/code> (highlighted). The file system is now in read-write mode. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":142} --><\/p>\n<pre>mount | grep \/mnt<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":161} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":161} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"not-moving-a-file-system\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Not_Moving_a_File_System\"><\/span> (Not) Moving a File System <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> You used to be able to unmount a file system and remount it on another mount point with a single command. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":268} --><\/p>\n<p> The <code>-M<\/code> (move) option in <code>mount<\/code> exists specifically to allow you to do that. But it no longer works in Linux distributions that <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Systemd\">have moved over<\/a> to <code>systemd<\/code>. And that&#8217;s most of the big names. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":461} --><\/p>\n<p> If we try to move a file system from <code>\/mnt<\/code> to <code>.\/geek<\/code>, it fails and gives the error message shown below. Trying to list the files in the files ystem through <code>.\/geek<\/code> returns no results. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":644} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -M \/mnt .\/geek<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":671} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls .\/geek<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":682} --><\/p>\n<div class=\"body-img landscape \">\n<div class=\"responsive-img image-expandable img-article-item\">\n<figure><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"646\" height=\"322\" loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"mount with the -t option in a terminal window\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/1725657631_696_How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.png?resize=646%2C322&#038;ssl=1\" style=\"height:auto;max-width:100%\" title=\"\">  <\/figure>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":27,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":27,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":922} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":27,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p> The workaround is to use the <code>-B<\/code> (bind) option that we used earlier to bind the original mount point to the new mount point. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":125} --><\/p>\n<pre>sudo mount -B \/mnt .\/geek<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":152} --><\/p>\n<pre>ls .\/geek<\/pre>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":163} --><\/p>\n<p> Apart from not freeing up the original mount point, this will have the same practical outcome. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":259} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":259} --><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"final-observations\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Final_Observations\"><\/span> Final Observations <span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p> Using the <code> --make-private<\/code> option it was possible to force the move to take place on <code>systemd<\/code> versions of Linux. That technique is not presented here for two reasons. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":425} --><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li> It may have unpredictable behavior. <\/li>\n<li> It was not persistent and would need to repeat at each reboot. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":527} --><\/p>\n<p> <a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/devuan.org\/\">Devuan Linux<\/a> uses <code>SysV<\/code><a rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Init\">init<\/a> not <code>systemd<\/code>. A computer was loaded with the latest version of Devuan and tested. The <code>-M<\/code> (move) option worked as expected on that system. <\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":692} --><\/p>\n<p> Apart from the <code>systemd<\/code> issues with the <code>-M<\/code> (move) option, you should find the use of <code>mount<\/code> and <code>umount<\/code> straightforward. These are great commands to have up your sleeve when faced with a damaged system, and you have to start piecing the file system back together by hand. <\/p>\n<p><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"before\",\"adPosition\":28,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":28,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":962} --><!-- Zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"after\",\"adPosition\":29,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":29,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":28,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"actualCount\":0} --><br \/>\n<!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"isEarlyInjection\":false,\"currentRuleCount\":900,\"actualCount\":0,\"hasActualCountMetThreshold\":null,\"countRemainingForInjection\":null,\"nextBlockCount\":null,\"hasCountRemainingForInjectionMetThreshold\":null} --><\/p>\n<p><!-- No repeatable ad for zone: character count repeatable. --><!-- Repeatable debug data: {\"injection\":\"none\",\"adPosition\":29,\"startingPoint\":0,\"skipEvery\":null,\"nbrPlacementFilledEachSkip\":29,\"nbrPlacementsScanned\":29,\"ruleCount\":900,\"degradationStartingPoint\":1,\"stopAds\":null,\"actualCount\":320} --><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>File systems in Linux and Unix-like operating systems like macOS can be mounted, unmounted, and remounted using the terminal. This is a powerful and versatile tool&#8212;here&#8217;s everything you need to know. The Linux File System The file systems in Linux, macOS, and other Unix-like operating systems don&#8217;t use separate volume identifiers for storage devices in &#8230; <a title=\"How to Mount and Unmount Storage Devices from the Linux Terminal\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/how-to-mount-and-unmount-storage-devices-from-the-linux-terminal\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about How to Mount and Unmount Storage Devices from the Linux Terminal\">\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":54706,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[322,42,43],"class_list":["post-54705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-linux","tag-features","tag-linux","tag-linux-macos-terminal"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/How-to-Mount-and-Unmount-Storage-Devices-from-the-Linux.jpg?fit=1920%2C1080&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54705"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54705\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/goodwriterz.com\/site\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}